1914 |
February 3 |
Born in Lodz, Poland |
1918 |
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Gets Rickets as child |
1920 |
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Moves to Breslau |
1933 |
January 30 |
Hitler becomes Chancellor. |
|
Attends Bordeaux University. |
1935 |
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Leaves Bordeaux University. |
|
Summer courses at Le Sorbonne. |
1936 |
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In Grasse with Michael Ken. |
1937 |
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Final visit to Poland |
1938 |
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Michel moves to Vienna University. |
March 11-12 |
Reich annexes Austria in Anschluss. |
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His passport confiscated, Michel flees Austria. |
1939 |
August 23 |
Germany signs non-aggression pact with USSR. |
September 1 |
Germany invades Poland. |
September 3 |
UK and France declare war on Germany. |
|
Michel volunteers for the French Army. |
September |
Meets Viennese writer in Nice. |
1940 |
March 28 |
Agreement between France and Britain prohibits either country from making a separate peace. |
May 13 |
German Army enters France by crossing the Meuse river at Dinant and Sedan. |
June 10 |
French Government leaves Paris for Loire Valley. |
June 14 |
German Army enters Paris. French Government moves from Loire Valley to Bordeaux. |
June 16 |
French cabinet rejects plan for Anglo-French Union. Marshal PÈtain takes helm. |
June 17 |
PÈtain's broadcast calls for an armistice. |
June 22 |
Franco-German armistice signed. |
June 23 |
Hitler visits Paris. |
June 24 |
France signs armistice with Italy. |
June 29 |
PÈtain's government leaves Bordeaux for Clermont-Ferrand. |
July 1 |
PÈtain's government moves from Clermont-Ferrand to Vichy. |
|
On Churchill's orders, the Royal Navy sinks French fleet at Mers-el-Kebir. |
July 11 |
PÈtain establishes the Vichy regime with himself as Head of State. |
July 22 |
Vichy begins to review citizenship of those naturalized since 1927. |
August 2 |
French Military tribunal condemns de Gaulle to death. |
August 17 |
Germans ban Jews who fled to the Southern Zone from returning to the Occupied Zone. |
August 29 |
LÈgion FranÁais des Combattants formed in the Southern Zone. |
September 27 |
German decree requires a census of Jews in the Occupied Zone. |
September |
Michel arrested by Vichy police. |
October 3 |
Vichy introduces first Statut des Juifs, defining Jewishness and banning Jews from higher public service and positions influencing public opinion. |
October 22 |
PÈtain meets Hitler at Montoire, near Tours. |
October 28 |
Pierre Laval appointed Foreign Minister. |
October 30 |
PÈtain advocates collaboration in a radio broadcast. |
1941 |
January 9 |
Michel released from jail in Nice. |
February 14 |
Refus de sÈjour. |
Jan-Apr |
Resident in Monte Carlo. |
March |
Vichy establishes Commissariat GÈnÈral aux Questions Juives (CGQJ) headed by Xavier Vallat. |
April |
Vichy's Groupes Mobiles de Reserve, April, 1941. |
April 27 |
Michel interned in Le Vernet (Transport 17 Juifs) |
May 11 |
Vichy celebrates Joan of Arc's feast day. |
May 14 |
First rafle of Jews in Paris. |
June |
Hitler invades Soviet Union. |
June 2 |
Vichy's second Statut des Juifs, requiring a census of Jews in the Southern Zone and excluding Jews from commerce and industry. |
July 22 |
Vichy law authorises confiscation of Jewish property and enterprises. |
August 21 |
First public assassination of German. |
November 29 |
Vallat establishes the Union GÈnÈrale des Israelites de France, supposedly to let Jews manage their own affairs. |
December |
Fateful conversation with Suzanne |
|
Michel sent to slave labour camp in the Alps. |
1942 |
February 4 |
Service d'Ordre Legionnaire, predecessor of the Milice, is formed. |
March |
Franc-Tireurs et Partisans (FTP) formed. |
March 27 |
First trainload of French Jews leaves Drancy for Auschwitz. |
May 29 |
Jews over the age of 6 in the Occupied Zone are required to wear the yellow star. |
August 5 |
First Jews from the camps in the Southern Zone sent to Drancy en route for Auschwitz. |
| Michel taken from Alpine camp to Les Milles. |
August |
Children torn from mothers at Les Milles |
August 13 |
Switzerland closes its borders to Jewish refugees. |
September |
Michel joins Resistance in Lyon |
November 8 |
Allies begin landings in North Africa. |
November 11 |
Germans occupy Southern Zone. |
December 11 |
Vichy regime orders Jews in the Southern Zone to have Juif or Juive stamped on personal documents. |
1943 |
January 23 |
Germans destroy Vieux Port in Marseille. |
January 31 |
The Milice Francaise is founded, with Laval as president. |
January |
Jean Moulin merges resistance groups. |
February 9 |
Michel arrested by Barbie. |
February 16 |
SÈrvice du Travail Obligatoire (STO) introduced. |
March 30 |
Michel arrested by Grenoble Milice and tortured for six hours. |
April 24 |
First Miliciens killed by resistants. |
June 21 |
Klaus Barbie captures Moulin and other leading resistants at Caluire (Lyon). |
September |
Michel named Section Chief in the A.S. (Secret Army). |
September 8 |
Germans take over Italian-occupied territory in southern France. Italy agrees to armistice with Allies. |
September 11 |
Germans occupy Rome. |
October 3 |
RÈsistants and Free French liberate Corsica. |
1944 |
January 27 |
Authority of the Milice extended to the north of France. |
March 26 |
Maquisards defeated in battle on the plateau of GliËres. |
April |
Milice killed at Voiron, Grenoble. |
June 6 |
D-Day landings. Resistance received BBC codes. |
June 7-9 |
Maquisards occupy Tulle but withdraw on arrival of an SS Division, which hangs 99 local men. |
July 12 |
Vichy ministers hold their last cabinet meeting. |
July 14 |
USAF makes its largest daytime drop of supplies in the Lot, the Correze and the Dordogne as well as the Vercors plateau. |
July 21-23 |
The Maquis defeated on the plateau of the Vercors, losing 630 men. |
August 15 |
French and Allied troops land in Provence. |
|
Suzanne arrested. |
August 17 |
Last trainload of Jews leaves France for Auschwitz. |
|
Liberation of Grenoble. |
August 27 |
Michel attached to the S-2 First Battalion, 180th Infantry Regiment, 45th division of American 7th Army. . |
October |
Lt. Henry Teichmann signs order detaching Michel from the 180th infantry Regiment. Michel trains with the French army to parachute into Germany |
November |
Battle in Vosges mountains. |
December 16-26 |
The battle of the Bulge: German counter-offensive in the Ardennes almost reaches the Meuse near Dinant before being repelled. |
1945 |
January 26 |
Russian troops enter Auschwitz. |
March |
Allied Troops cross Rhine. |
|
Michel joins the 45th Division Counter Intelligence Corps . |
April |
Michel first learns of Rocket programme. |
April 12 |
Allies liberate Buchenwald and Belsen. |
April 29 |
Michel enters Dachau. |
May 1 |
Based on information obtained in Dachau, Michel arrests Emil Mahl (the hangman of Dachau). |
May 8 |
End of war in the West. |
|
Michel discovers the Nazi party Master File at a paper mill in Freimann, near Munich. |
June |
French intelligence officers tell of loot at Ebensee. |
June 21 |
Given TD to Southern France - Government Transport approved. |
July 7 |
Letter from Suzanne. |
July 23 - August 15 |
PÈtain tried, convicted and sentenced to death. |
August 28 |
Report on Rocket R-Gerat |
September |
Michel is transferred to Ulm subsection of 307th CIC Detachment. Ted Kraus joins CIC in Ulm. |
November 20 |
Nuremberg trials of 21 leading Nazis begins. |
1946 |
January 3 |
Michel captures Gustav Knittel a priority War Criminal wanted for the Malmedy massacre. |
September |
Ted Kraus and Michel go on holiday in France, Italy and Austria. |
October 2 |
Michel recommended for US citizenship by his commanding officer, CIC. |
October 16 |
Leading Nazis found guilty at Nuremberg and sentenced to hang. |
1947 |
May |
Michel leaves CIC and goes to America. Founds the Polyglot Institute (lanquage school) in Beverly Hills, CA. |
1951 |
January 5 |
France - First amnesty law revokes punishment of those sentenced to dÈgradation nationale or prison terms of less than 15 years. |
November 6 |
Association pour DÈfendre la MÈmoire du MarÈchal Petain formed. |
1953 |
August 3 |
Second amnesty law effectively ends the epuration. |
1969 |
April |
Michel teaches problem class at George Washington Carver High School. |
1971 |
April |
Marcel Ophuls' film The Sorrow and the Pity released in cinemas (but not shown on French TV until October 1986.) |
1983 |
February 5 |
Barbie extradited from Bolivia to France and indicted for crimes against humanity. |
1987 |
May 11 - July 4 |
Michel testifys at the trial of Klaus Barbie. Barbie is given a life sentence. |
1989 |
May 24 |
Touvier arrested in Nice for crimes against humanity. |
1991 |
September 25 |
Barbie dies in prison. |
1994 |
1994 |
Touvier sentenced to life imprisonment. |
1996 |
July 17 |
Touvier dies in prison. |
September 18 |
Judges in Bordeaux rule that Maurice Papon, former Vichy official in the Gironde, should stand trial for crimes against humanity. |
1996 |
|
Michel finally brings himself to read the 50-year-old letters from his mother and aunt. |